The prostate is a gland located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It plays an integral part in the ejaculation process: it adds fluid to semen, and its muscles help push semen through your urethra. While often ignored, the prostate’s function is key to your reproductive health. In this article, we’ll explore the connection between the prostate and male fertility, how prostate issues affect your chances of fatherhood, and what you can do to maintain prostate health.
How does the prostate impact fertility?
The prostate contributes a significant portion of the seminal fluid. Semen nourishes and protects sperm as it travels through the female reproductive tract. Without this fluid, sperm would struggle to reach and fertilize the egg.
In both young and older men, the prostate can be targeted by several common diseases. As noted by Verze et al. in their 2016 study, prostatic diseases or an unhealthy prostate can affect sperm functioning and, therefore, male fertility.
Which prostate issues affect fertility?
The prostate is prone to various conditions and issues which can directly or indirectly affect male fertility:
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Prostatitis
In the US alone, around two million patients are diagnosed with prostatitis each year. The condition is characterized by inflammation of the prostate gland and is a common health problem affecting both young and middle-aged men. Prostatitis can be caused by bacterial infections, stress, or other unknown factors.
Up to 12% of male infertility cases are caused by male genital tract infections, including prostatitis. Inflammation in the prostate may lead to oxidative stress, which damages sperm DNA and reduces sperm motility. Fortunately, once treated, your reproductive function should be restored.
2. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland and is more common in men over the age of 50. The condition does not usually lead to prostate cancer, but it can cause uncomfortable symptoms and, in some cases, also affect fertility. Men with BPH may experience painful or delayed ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation (where semen enters the bladder instead of exits the body), and reduced semen volume.
3. Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers, affecting 10% of all men in Western societies. Certain surgery for prostate cancer may lead to fertility issues. Radiation therapy can damage sperm cells and reduce their production, while hormone therapy can decrease libido and sperm count. Sperm banking can help you retain your ability to have children after treatment.
Maintaining Prostate Health
There are things you can do to help maintain a healthy prostate and support your fertility: adopting a nourishing diet, staying physically active, practicing safe sex, managing stress, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol all contribute to supporting your prostate health, and overall well-being.
It’s also a good idea to get regular checkups, particularly if you are over 40. Consider regular prostate screenings, especially if you have a family history of prostate issues or cancer. Early detection is key to managing problems before they affect fertility.
Key Takeaway
The prostate gland plays an important role in male reproductive health. Prostate issues like prostatitis, BPH, and cancer can interfere with fertility, but many of these conditions are treatable and preventable with the right lifestyle choices and medical care. Being proactive about your overall health can also improve your reproductive health.
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